濕式靜電除塵器

濕式靜電除霧除塵器的工作原理

　　濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由高(gao)壓靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)本體(ti)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，其(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)原理(li)與靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)一樣(yang)，只是(shi)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)采用(yong)(yong)管束結構，每個沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管對(dui)應(ying)1根(gen)陰極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)線。工作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)利用(yong)(yong)高(gao)壓靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)對(dui)架設在(zai)(zai)濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)線施加負的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，從而(er)(er)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)線和沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管之(zhi)間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)不均勻的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)并且(qie)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)同軸布置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)，沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管內(nei)各點的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)強度(du)與該點和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)線之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)成(cheng)(cheng)反比。在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下，整個沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管內(nei)部都(dou)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區，在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)區內(nei)，高(gao)濃度(du)的(de)(de)(de)負離(li)子(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)源源不斷地向(xiang)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管做定向(xiang)運(yun)動從而(er)(er)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。當含有(you)水(shui)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)及其(qi)(qi)他污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物的(de)(de)(de)煙氣進入(ru)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管時(shi)(shi)，由于(yu)離(li)子的(de)(de)(de)碰撞和擴(kuo)散，水(shui)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)和污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，然后在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下迅速抵達(da)(da)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)壁并同時(shi)(shi)釋放(fang)出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)，在(zai)(zai)沉(chen)(chen)淀(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)管內(nei)壁形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)，液(ye)(ye)膜(mo)(mo)在(zai)(zai)重力(li)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下流(liu)到(dao)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)下部的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)液(ye)(ye)槽(cao)中(zhong)集(ji)中(zhong)處理(li)，從而(er)(er)達(da)(da)到(dao)捕集(ji)煙氣中(zhong)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)滴和其(qi)(qi)它污(wu)染(ran)(ran)物的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)過程(cheng)可概括為以下四個階段:氣體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)、塵霧(wu)(wu)(wu)等粒(li)子的(de)(de)(de)荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、荷(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)塵霧(wu)(wu)(wu)粒(li)子的(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)(chen)集(ji)、集(ji)塵的(de)(de)(de)清理(li)。與靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相(xiang)比，濕式靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)以下4項(xiang)優點:

(1) 由(you)于粉塵(chen)與(yu)水相互交融形成(cheng)的(de)霧滴具有良(liang)好的(de)導(dao)電(dian)性，因此，能夠收(shou)集靜電(dian)除塵(chen)器不能收(shou)集的(de)黏性、高比電(dian)阻的(de)粉塵(chen)。

(2) 沒有振(zhen)打裝(zhuang)置而(er)采用單(dan)管單(dan)沖裝(zhuang)置，不存(cun)在二(er)次(ci)飛揚問(wen)題(ti)，也不存(cun)在傳動裝(zhuang)置容易出故障的問(wen)題(ti)。

(3) 能(neng)(neng)提供(gong)幾(ji)倍于靜(jing)電除塵(chen)器的(de)電暈功率(lv)，具有很高的(de)除霧(wu)除塵(chen)效率(lv)，尤其(qi)對于細(xi)小(xiao)的(de)粉(fen)塵(chen)顆(ke)粒、霧(wu)滴、氣溶膠、金屬顆(ke)粒、酸霧(wu)等具有很強的(de)捕集能(neng)(neng)力。電極(ji)(ji)之間(jian)的(de)電場Ex為半徑方向，其(qi)值為  式中(zhong):  U:施加(jia)在電極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)電壓；R:外部電極(ji)(ji)的(de)半徑；r:內部電極(ji)(ji)的(de)半徑；X:空間(jian)任一點離軸線的(de)距(ju)離。

(4) 在采用微機控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源和新(xin)(xin)型(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)情況下，煙氣中的(de)粉塵顆(ke)粒、霧滴、氣溶膠、金屬顆(ke)粒、酸霧等在電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)驅(qu)進速度可以(yi)(yi)達(da)到0.1m/s以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，有的(de)高(gao)達(da)0.19m/s。(本公司生產的(de)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極經(jing)實踐(jian)使用測得二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大于0.6mA/m。)

　　特別值得注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)是(shi)寬極距的(de)(de)濕式靜(jing)電(dian)除(chu)霧(wu)除(chu)塵器，在提(ti)高除(chu)塵除(chu)霧(wu)效率，降低(di)除(chu)塵除(chu)霧(wu)成本方面有很大的(de)(de)優勢(shi)，同時也是(shi)解決電(dian)暈閉塞的(de)(de)方法之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)，是(shi)目前濕式靜(jing)電(dian)除(chu)霧(wu)除(chu)塵器發展的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個新趨勢(shi)。

　　總之，濕式靜電除(chu)霧除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)特點是除(chu)霧除(chu)塵(chen)效率高，高可達到99.99%,能捕集1um左(zuo)右的粒子，且壓力損(sun)失小(xiao)，一般為0.2～0.5kPa,運行穩定。由于濕式靜電除(chu)霧除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)里有液體介質(zhi)存在且溫(wen)度在露(lu)點以下(xia)，因此選材時(shi)必須考慮介質(zhi)的耐(nai)溫(wen)耐(nai)腐蝕性。

電暈放電簡介

　　通(tong)常(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)自(zi)(zi)由(you)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)中(zhong)，由(you)于宇宙輻射每(mei)立方厘米空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)大(da)約有(you)1000個(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)，這(zhe)些自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用下(xia)會(hui)受到(dao)加速(su)，撞擊氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加速(su)程度隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增大(da)而增大(da)，自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)撞擊氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)前積累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)隨之增大(da)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)度達(da)到(dao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)界(jie)值時(shi)(shi)(shi)，自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)撞擊前積累(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)，將足以(yi)(yi)從(cong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)或(huo)(huo)分子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)撞出(chu)(chu)一個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)。此時(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)附(fu)近一個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)范圍內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)就開始(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)，出(chu)(chu)現了氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非自(zi)(zi)持(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。繼續升高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)將加劇形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)，產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)和(he)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，并伴(ban)隨著(zhu)發(fa)出(chu)(chu)淡(dan)蘭色的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輝光(guang)和(he)咝咝聲(sheng)。放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)也就由(you)非自(zi)(zi)持(chi)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)自(zi)(zi)持(chi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，即電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)(li)(li)和(he)發(fa)光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)外(wai)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)域稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)區(qu)(qu)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)里(li)，離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)主要(yao)靠電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)場作用下(xia)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)中(zhong)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)相反的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)被吸(xi)引(yin)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)極(ji)(ji)(ji)性(xing)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)則被推向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)外(wai)區(qu)(qu)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)是從(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)邊界(jie)開始(shi)(shi)向極(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)頭(tou)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)將很快進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)后部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷移率低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)起(qi)到(dao)擴大(da)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)場區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)極(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)負(fu)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，由(you)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)崩(beng)(beng)(beng)是從(cong)極(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)表(biao)面開始(shi)(shi)向外(wai)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，靠近極(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是遷移率低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)離(li)(li)(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)，它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)把(ba)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)場區(qu)(qu)限制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)極(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)(xian)附(fu)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較小(xiao)范圍內(nei)(nei)。所以(yi)(yi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)要(yao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)可(ke)達(da)10～20mm；在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)區(qu)(qu)可(ke)達(da)100mm。根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容(rong)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)，擊穿可(ke)以(yi)(yi)表(biao)現為(wei)弧光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或(huo)(huo)火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形式(shi)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容(rong)量(liang)足夠大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)擊穿后會(hui)有(you)很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過，在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)間(jian)(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧稱為(wei)弧光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，如同(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧焊(han)接時(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情形一樣，可(ke)以(yi)(yi)燒(shao)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)或(huo)(huo)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備。因(yin)此濕(shi)(shi)式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)霧除(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)運行(xing)時(shi)(shi)(shi)應當盡量(liang)避免出(chu)(chu)現弧光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)容(rong)量(liang)較小(xiao)，則氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)擊穿以(yi)(yi)后，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會(hui)受到(dao)限制，使之不(bu)足以(yi)(yi)形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)就會(hui)停留(liu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段(duan)。火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一束明(ming)亮曲(qu)折常(chang)(chang)常(chang)(chang)又是分叉(cha)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)絲(si)，這(zhe)些細(xi)絲(si)很快地(di)穿過放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)間(jian)(jian)隙，又很快地(di)熄滅(mie)，熄滅(mie)后隨即再度產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)。火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流比(bi)(bi)(bi)弧光(guang)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)小(xiao)得(de)多，一般不(bu)會(hui)損(sun)壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，總之濕(shi)(shi)式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)霧除(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)運行(xing)中(zhong)要(yao)采(cai)取(qu)措(cuo)施控制把(ba)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)擊穿，若把(ba)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)擊穿后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要(yao)限制在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍內(nei)(nei)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)同(tong)一電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)下(xia)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流就要(yao)比(bi)(bi)(bi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)火花(hua)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展比(bi)(bi)(bi)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)容(rong)易(yi)得(de)多，這(zhe)樣就容(rong)易(yi)發(fa)生(sheng)擊穿。即正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨(lin)界(jie)擊穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)也比(bi)(bi)(bi)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低，因(yin)此濕(shi)(shi)式(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)霧除(chu)塵器(qi)(qi)都采(cai)用負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)(yun)。

電暈閉塞

　　注意當(dang)煙氣(qi)中含(han)塵(chen)、酸霧(wu)濃度(du)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)則二(er)次電(dian)(dian)流越(yue)小。當(dang)煙氣(qi)含(han)塵(chen)霧(wu)濃度(du)高(gao)(gao)到(dao)某(mou)種(zhong)程度(du)時，電(dian)(dian)場空間的(de)負離子數量(liang)已不能(neng)滿足大量(liang)塵(chen)霧(wu)粒(li)子所需，因此塵(chen)霧(wu)所得的(de)能(neng)量(liang)很低(di)，(表現為它的(de)驅進(jin)速度(du)很低(di))捕集(ji)效率(lv)顯著降低(di)，就像(xiang)電(dian)(dian)場被屏蔽，故稱(cheng)電(dian)(dian)暈(yun)閉塞。解(jie)決(jue)辦法是采(cai)用(yong)寬極距的(de)設計以(yi)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)壓、提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)場強度(du)；采(cai)用(yong)新型的(de)放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)極以(yi)及生產(chan)操作中采(cai)取降低(di)煙氣(qi)含(han)塵(chen)霧(wu)的(de)措施(shi)等。

電(dian)暈電(dian)極肥大:氣體電(dian)離(li)產生的正離(li)子被吸引回電(dian)暈電(dian)極的途中(zhong)，煙氣中(zhong)有(you)少量塵粒被它轟擊(ji)而(er)荷正電(dian)，便向負(fu)極性的電(dian)暈電(dian)極運動并沉(chen)積在極線(xian)上而(er)形(xing)成。解決(jue)辦法是提高運行電(dian)壓和沖洗次數。